Μάθημα επτά (Mathima Epta)
Lesson 7
One (E-na) |
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Two (The-o) |
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Three (Tri-a) |
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Four (Te-ssera) |
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Five (Pen-de) |
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Six (Ex-ksi) |
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Seven (Ep-ta) |
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Eight (Ock-to) |
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Nine (en-nea) |
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Ten (The-ka) |
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Eleven (en-the-ka) |
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Twelve (tho-the-ka) |
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Thirteen (the-ka-tri-a) |
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Fourteen (the-ka-tess-era) |
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Fifteen (the-ka-pen-de) |
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Sixteen (the-ka-ec-ksi) |
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Seventeen (the-ka-efp-ta) |
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Eighteen (the-ka-ock-to) |
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Nineteen (the-ka-en-nea) |
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Twenty (i-kosi) |
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Numbers 0-100
0 μηδέν (miden)
1 ένα (ena)
2 δύο (δυο) {dio}
3 τρία (tria)
4 τέσσερα (tessera)
5 πέντε (pente)
6 έξι (eksi)
7 επτά (εφτά) {epta or efta}
8 οκτώ (οχτώ) {okto or ohto}
9 εννέα (εννιά) {enea or ennia}
10 δέκα (deka)
11 έντεκα (enteka)
12 δώδεκα (dodeka)
13 δεκατρία (dekatria)
14 δεκατέσσερα (dekatessera)
15 δεκαπέντε (dekapente)
16 δεκαέξι (dekaeksi)
17 δεκαεπτά (δεκαεφτά) {dekaepta or dekaefta}
18 δεκαοκτώ (δεκαοχτώ) {dekaokto or dekaohto}
19 δεκαεννέα (δεκαεννιά) {dekaennea or dekaennia}
20 είκοσι (ikosi)
21 είκοσι ένα (ikosi ena)
22 είκοσι δύο (ikosi dio)
30 τριάντα (trianta)
40 σαράντα (saranta)
50 πενήντα (peninta)
60 εξήντα (eksinta)
70 εβδομήντα (evdominta)
80 ογδόντα (ogdonta)
90 ενενήντα (eneninta)
100 εκατό (ekato)
The numbers in brackets are alternative forms which may be encountered. When it has an accent, δύο is read as 2 syllables, i.e. δύ-ο. Otherwise it is pronounced as a single syllable (δυο).
Three of these numbers have different masculine, feminine and neuter forms. These are:
ένας, μια/μία, ένα (If this has an accent it is read as 2 syllables, i.e. μί-α. Otherwise it is pronounced as one syllable, i.e. μια. Both are in current use.)
τρεις, τρεις, τρία (tris, tris, tria)
τέσσερις, τέσσερις, τέσσερα (tesseris, tesseris, tessera)
All other numbers remain unaltered irrespective of the gender of the noun they refer to.
Examples:
Πέντε άντρες και δύο γυναίκες (pente antres ke dio ginekes) Five men and two women
Πενήντα έξι ψάρια (peninta eksi psaria) Fifty six fishes
Οι τρεις γυναίκες κοίταζαν τα τρία παιδιά (i tris ginekes kitazan ta tria pedia)
The three women were watching the three children
Genitive of nouns
The genitive is generally used to express possesion or "belonging to", e.g.:
Το αυτοκίνητο του Γιώργου (to aftokinito tu Giorgu) George's car
Το παιδί της κυρίας (to pedi tis kirias) the lady's child
Genitive singular of feminine nouns
We simply add a final -ς to the noun like this:
woman Η γυναίκα (i gineka) της γυναίκας (tis ginekas)
sister Η αδερφή (i aderfi) της αδερφής (tis aderfis)
Το γράμμα της μητέρας είναι εδώ (to gramma tis miteras ine edo) Mother's letter is here
Genitive singular of neuter nouns
This ends in -ου. So if the noun ends in -ο, as το δέντρο, we simply add -υ to form the genitive in the singular:
Tree το δέντρο (to dentro) του δέντρου (tu dentru)
If, however, the noun ends in -ι, as το παιδί, we then add -ου:
child το παιδί (to pedi) του παιδιού (tu pediu)
Genitive singular of masculine nouns
The way the genitive is formed varies according to the ending of the noun:
human ο άνθρωπος (o anthropos) του ανθρώπου (tu anthropu)
man ο άντρας (o antras) του άντρα (tu antra)
pupil ο μαθητής (o mathitis) του μαθητή (tu mathiti)
The ending -ος changes to -ου, but -ας and -ης lose the final -ς to form the genitive singular.
Το όνομα του μαθητή είναι Γιώργος (to onoma tu mathiti ine Giorgos) The name of the pupil is George
Το χρώμα του ουρανού είναι μπλε (to hroma tu uranu ine ble) The color of the sky is blue
Genitive of nouns (plural)
This case is both simple and complicated. It is simple because all nouns in the genitive plural end in -ων.
women οι γυναίκες (i ginekes) των γυναικών (ton ginekon)
trees τα δέντρα (ta dentra) των δέντρων (ton dentron)
children τα παιδιά (ta pedia) των παιδιών (ton pedion)
people Οι άνθρωποι (i anthropi) των ανθρώπων (ton anthropon)
men οι άντρες (i antres) των αντρών (ton antron)
pupils οι μαθητές (i mathites) των μαθητών (ton mathiton)
It can be complicated because in Greek many nouns do not have a genitive plural at all, e.g. η ζέστη (the heat), η ζάχαρη (the sugar), η πόρτα (the door). The only way of learning which of these are not in use is the laborious one of learning through using the language; there is no rule that can be followed.
Notice again that in some cases the accent moves nearer the end of the word in the genitive, especially if in the nominative the accent lies on the third syllable from the end, e.g:
people Οι άνθρωποι (i anthropi) των ανθρώπων (ton anthropon)
The rules governing this accent shift are not easy to explain right now.
